DA Press Releases

Today, an Orleans Parish Grand Jury indicted Brent Braneon, 19, and Alonzo Gonzales, 18, for second-degree murder, armed robbery and unauthorized use of a motor vehicle.

District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. and veteran prosecutor Melanie Talia secured an aggravated rape conviction against Isiah Fisher, 56, who raped his 11-year-old step granddaughter at his home located at 3308 Clematis Street nearly 10 years ago.

The Orleans Parish District Attorney’s Office announced today that Wanda Godfrey, 45, was found guilty of manslaughter for the shooting death of her husband, which occurred outside of their home on February 24, 2004, Mardi Gras Day. 

An Orleans Parish Grand Jury indicted four men for homicides that were committed in Orleans Parish between June 2008 and July 2008. 

Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman Jr. announced today that Alvin Williams, 23, was sentenced to life in prison for the second-degree murder of Donnell Gray.  On October 10, 2007, Williams shot Gray in the back 11 times, including three gun shot wounds to the head, immediately following a verbal altercation between the two men.  The incident occurred shortly after noon near the intersection of Erato and S. Saratoga Streets.  The victim’s girlfriend and her brother witnessed the murder.

Today, Keith Barthelemy, 27, was found guilty as charged for his role in the second-degree murder of Troy Cacioppo, 21, at the New Orleans Lakefront in 2002, announced Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr.  As a result of this conviction, Barthelemy will spend the rest of his life in prison without the benefit of probation, parole or suspension of sentence.

Today the Orleans Parish District Attorney’ s Office announced that the charges against Brandon Vicknair and Matthew Taylor who were accused of manslaughter were dismissed.

(New Orleans, LA) – Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. today announced the grand jury indictment of 40-year-old Kenneth Braud. Braud was indicted with aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping for an incident that occurred on May 2003 in the 1400 block of Lauradale Street.

(New Orleans, LA) – Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. announced today that Eugene Treg, 22, was found guilty as charged of illegal carrying of a concealed weapon, second offense, at the conclusion of a one-day jury trial. This is Treg’s second conviction for carrying a concealed weapon within the last four years. According to state law, the defendant faces a maximum sentence of five years in prison as a repeat offender on that charge.

(New Orleans, LA) - Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. announced the grand jury indictment of 33-year-old Clarence Jackson. Jackson was indicted with and is presently at-large for aggravated kidnapping and two counts of aggravated rape in an incident that occurred on February 20, 1996 in the 2800 block of Aubry Street.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. announced the grand jury indictment of Octave Bazanac, 25.

(New Orleans, LA) – Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. announced today that the findings and recommendations of the National District Attorneys Association’s (NDAA) technical assistance review of the Orleans Parish District Attorney’s Office are now available for public review.

ORLEANS PARISH DISTRICT ATTORNEY ROBERT L. FREEMAN, JR. ANNOUNCED TODAY THAT THE ORLEANS PARISH DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE WILL RESUME NORMAL BUSINESS OPERATIONS ON MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 2008 AT 8:30 A.M.

(New Orleans)— THE ORLEANS PARISH DISTRICT ATTORNEY’S OFFICE WILL CEASE OPERATIONS TODAY AT 3 P.M. AS A PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE TO THE THREAT OF HURRICANE GUSTAV.

( New Orleans, LA ) – The Orleans Parish District Attorney's Office filed a Multiple Offender Bill of Information against Willie Price, 42, after Price was found guilty of attempted second-degree murder and attempted simple robbery of a New Orleans Police officer in June 2008.

(New Orleans, LA) – Clarence Johnson, 18, was sentenced to life imprisonment today for the 2007 murder of a New Orleans teenager, announced Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr.

(New Orleans, LA) – Orleans Parish District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. announced today the Grand Jury indictment of Christopher Douglas, 16, and Raydell Walker, 17, for the charge of armed robbery for an incident that occurred July 15, 2008 at the intersection of Elysian Fields Avenue and North Galvez Street. Bond was set at $150,000 for each defendant.

(New Orleans, LA) - The Office of the District Attorney of Orleans Parish announced today that First Assistant District Attorney Robert L. Freeman, Jr. has been sworn in as District Attorney for Orleans Parish by the Honorable Judge Tiffany Chase. Freeman succeeds Keva Landrum-Johnson as District Attorney.

VOU chief appointed to new leadership post (New Orleans) – Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson has appointed veteran prosecutor Robert L. Freeman, Jr. to serve as First Assistant District Attorney for Orleans Parish. Mr. Freeman has more than 20 years experience at law practice and has held several leadership positions within the Orleans Parish District Attorney’s Office during his 16-year tenure with the office. Mr. Freeman accepts the position after having most recently served as chief of the office’s Violent Offender Unit (VOU) since January 2007. Mr. Freeman has also served as deputy chief of the Trial Division and has served as lead prosecutor in over 100 Orleans Parish criminal trials with specialization in sex crimes and homicides.

(New Orleans) – Today, an Orleans Parish grand jury indicted 19-year-old Timothy Jackson with second degree murder of Brandon Barnes and attempted second degree murder of another male victim.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces the grand jury indictment of Travale Cage, 20, Drew Johnson, 20, Brandon Lewis, 17, Dythaniel McEwin, 15, and Alfred Womble, 21. Each defendant was charged with two counts of armed robbery for an incident involving a male victim and a female victim. The incident occurred on July 6, 2008 outside of a residence on Dumaine Street. Bond was set at $200,000 for each defendant.

$3 Million bond set for accused rapist

New Orleans, LA-- Today, an Orleans Parish grand jury indicted Herbert Nicholson, 56, with aggravated rape and aggravated kidnapping for an incident that occurred in January 1991 along Paris Avenue announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson. Nicholson was also charged with attempted aggravated rape, oral sexual battery, sexual battery and aggravated kidnapping of another victim. The incidents occurred on the night of December 18, 1994 in the 2000 block of Elysian Fields Avenue. Nicholson’s bond was set at $3 million

Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces the grand jury indictment of 24-year-old Rene Montenegro who is charged with first degree murder of Natahsa Martin. The incident occurred between March 23 –25, 2008. No bond was set in this matter.

Also today, Roger L. Richards, 17, was indicted on aggravated rape of a minor for an incident that occurred in October 2007. Richard’s bond was set at $1 million.

New Orleans, LA-- Moments before opening statements were set to begin in his first-degree murder trial today, Michael Boykins, 37, pled guilty to all four counts of first degree murder for his participation in an armed robbery that left four people dead inside of Roosevelt’s Black Pearl Restaurant on N. Claiborne Avenue in September 2004.

New Orleans, LA-- Today, an Orleans Parish Grand Jury indicted Andre Hankton, 30, and Telly Hankton, 31, with one count of first-degree murder in the death of Darnell Stewart. The incident occurred on May 13, 2008 in the 3400 block of South Claiborne Avenue. An arrest warrant has been issued for both men, and anyone aware of the Hanktons’ whereabouts should notify the New Orleans Police Department immediately or call Crimestoppers at (504) 822-1111.

New Orleans, LA—Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that an Orleans Parish grand jury indicted Ebony Jones, 24, for one count of second degree murder of Antoine “Tony” Martin which occurred on April 9, 2008 at approximately 6:30 p.m. within the FEMA trailer site located at 6001 Chef Menteur Highway.

New Orleans, LA—Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that an Orleans Parish grand jury indicted Glenn Jourdan, 17, for one count of attempted second degree murder of Joseph Cooks which occurred on September 24, 2006 in the 1300 block of Spain St. Jourdan was also indicted for one count of attempted second degree murder of Joseph Cooks which occurred on March 25, 2008 near the intersection of Mandeville and Villere Streets.

Willie Price is facing life imprisonment as a repeat offender for brutally stabbing a New Orleans Police Officer outside of the Bulldog restaurant in Mid-City last year. Yesterday, Criminal District Court Judge Lynda Van Davis found Price, 42, guilty of attempted second-degree murder and attempted simple robbery in the attack following a two-day judge trial.

Today, an Orleans Parish grand jury charged seventeen-year-old Roger L. Richards with aggravated kidnapping, attempted aggravated rape, armed robbery, and two counts of aggravated rape of a single victim on March 3, 2008 in the 2100 block of Music Street announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson. Bond was set at $2.5 million in this matter.

The grand jury also charged John Morgan, 40,with second-degree murder in the 2002 death of Dana Pastori. Morgan’s bond was set at $1 million.

Today, William Ballou, 48, pled guilty to vehicular homicide in a July 2007 Mid-City incident announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson.

On July 13, 2007, Ballou and John Powell were traveling north bound on Canal Street toward the City Park Avenue intersection when the pick-up truck Ballou was driving struck a traffic signal pole. Due to the force of impact, the truck wrapped around the pole, and Powell, a passenger in the crash, died as a result of the injuries he suffered during the crash.

New Orleans, LA— Orleans Parish District Attorney today announces the Grand Jury indictment of Gerald Nickles, 25. Nickles was charged with second-degree murder of Sheldon Dean on November 25, 2007.

Today, an Orleans Parish Grand Jury charged Tavion Apels, 15, and Joe Morgan, 17, each with one count of second-degree murder in the death of Gervais Nicholas announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson. The incident occurred on January 12, 2008 near the intersection of Tulane Avenue and South Lopez Street.

Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces that Michael Davis was sentenced today to life in prison on count 1 of armed robbery, and 99 years on counts 2 and 3 each of armed robbery, all to be served consecutively, by Criminal District Court Judge Julian Parker. Davis is a multiple offender and will serve his sentence without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence. The case was prosecuted by Assistant District Attorneys Payal Patel and Mary Glass, both of the Violent Offender Unit.

In court today, victim impact testimony was heard from the widow of slain New Orleans Police Department Officer Christopher Russell, Bonnie Russell, and his mother, Dorothy Tardy; and a witness to the crime, Peggy Pritchett, Club Tango bartender. Testimony was also given by Joseph Mayeux, District Manager of the Jefferson Parish Department of Corrections and NOPD fingerprint expert, Joseph Pollard. Testimony was also given regarding the alias names used in the past convictions of Michael Davis.

New Orleans, LA— Repeat offender Troy Barbour (a.k.a. Michael Lee) will face a minimum, mandatory sentencing of 50 years imprisonment when the State files a multiple offender bill against him next week.

After deliberating for four hours today, an Orleans Parish jury found eighteen-year-old Eric Jones guilty of attempted first-degree murder during a crime announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson.

On March 17, 2007, Jones shot a Hollygrove man once in the head and once in the lower back outside of the victim’s FEMA trailer. Moments before the shooting, Jones and two masked men appeared at the trailer’s door brandishing guns. Jones knocked on the door. When the victim answered, Jones and the two masked men entered the trailer, ransacked it and stole an unknown amount of money from the trailer. The victim was then relocated outside of the trailer and was forced to kneel when Jones shot the victim in the head. As the victim attempted to crawl away, Jones shot the victim a second time in the back.

Jones surrendered to the New Orleans Police Department in June 2007. He faces a minimum of 10 years in prison for the crime with an additional five years to be added for a firearm provisional sentencing enhancement. He will be sentenced on June 20, 2008 in Section C of Orleans Parish Criminal District court.

Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced today that Kenyon Fields was sentenced by Criminal District Court Judge Raymond Bigelow to life in prison without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence for second degree murder. Additionally, Field was sentenced to serve 10 years concurrent to the life sentence.

On September 29, 2006, Fields shot several times at a car driven by Malik Tapp and Darnell Roussell, hitting the driver’s side and the rear of the car with bullets. Unaware of the nearest hospital, Tapp drove to Central Lock-up for help. Roussell was pronounced dead at the scene.

On October 23, 2006, Fields was arrested pursuant to a narcotics surveillance during which he discarded a gun. The weapon that was recovered was tested against casings recovered at the murder scene and against a pellet recovered from Tapp’s car. The test yielded a positive match for all ballistics.

Yesterday, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that Michael Davis was convicted by jury trial of three counts of armed robbery with a firearm. He faces sentencing as a multiple offender on each count and will be sentenced by Criminal District Court Judge Julian Parker on May 19, 2008. The case was prosecuted by Assistant District Attorneys Payal Patel and Mary Glass, both of the Violent Offender Unit.

In the early morning hours of August 4, 2002, New Orleans Police Officer Christopher Russell and his partner, Mary Colon, responded to a 911 call of armed robbery at Club Tango located at 1801 Spain St. Three suspects entered Club Tango, armed with guns, and forced patrons at gunpoint to disrobe and hand over cash and jewelry, threatening to kill anyone who resisted. Russell and his partner were ambushed with gunfire and Russell was killed. A K-9 unit found Davis carrying jewelry, cash, and other items reported missing from the bar’s patrons mere blocks away. Later, Davis confessed to the robbery shortly after his arrest in 2002.

The robber is serving a life sentence. Two other suspects have also been convicted and are serving prison sentences. Davis is a four-time convicted felon.

Joseph Julien, 38, was remanded to prison yesterday evening after a six-panel jury unanimously found him guilty of aggravated incest announced Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson.

Prosecutors convinced jurors that Julien repeatedly molested his stepdaughter between 2000 and 2002. Prosecutors also argued that Julien showed the victim pornographic video and reading materials during that time frame. The victim was thirteen years old when she reported the crimes.

Jon Knouse, 40, was found guilty of simple robbery today during a judge trial announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson.

On November 1, 2007, Knouse, his identity unknown at the time, approached a teller’s window inside of Chase Bank, 5001 Prytania Street, and presented a teller with a note that read, “I have a gun give me money.” Afraid that Knouse was carrying a gun inside of the plastic bag he was carrying, the teller complied and gave Knouse an unknown amount of money before he fled the scene. NOPD Officers responding to the scene retained video surveillance and three photos of Knouse committing the robbery.

Today, an Orleans Parish jury found Earl Payne, 54, guilty of manslaughter announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson. A sentencing date has been set for Friday, May 30, 2008 in Section I of Orleans Parish Criminal District Court. Payne faces a maximum of 40 years in prison for the crime.

On November 12, 2007, NOPD investigators found Joseph Robinson, 60, lying on the ground in the 3500 block of General Meyer Avenue in Algiers. Robinson was found with injuries to his head and neck, and was suffering from a fracture to one of his legs. The victim was transported to nearby hospital where he was listed in critical condition.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that Timothy Joe Henson pled guilty to the charge of second degree murder of the Japanese Tourist, Kanako Ohyama, in September, 2003. Henson has been sentenced by Criminal District Court Judge Byron C. Williams to serve a mandatory sentence of life in prison without the benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of sentence. The Ohyama family was represented today in court by the Japanese Security Consul, Takeshi Tokairin.

Assistant District Attorney Mary Glass represented the State of Louisiana.

An Orleans Parish Grand Jury issued an indictment against David Q. Davis, 30, on yesterday. Davis was charged with second-degree murder of Elizabeth Chapman between December 27 and December 28, 2007. The incident occurred near St. Louis and North Front Streets along the wharf of the Mississippi River. Bond was set at $1 million.

Second-degree is punishable by life imprisonment without the benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence.

New Orleans, LA-- An Orleans Parish Grand Jury issued an indictment against David Q. Davis, 30, on yesterday. Davis was charged with second-degree murder of Elizabeth Chapman between December 27 and December 28, 2007.

Today, an Orleans Parish grand jury indicted Andy J. Ervin, 41, for second-degree murder of James Sexton. The crime occurred on November 20, 1999 in the 1200 block of Hagan Street. Bond was set at $2 million.

Second-degree murder is punishable by life imprisonment without the benefit of parole, probation or suspension of sentence.

Calender to serve 30 years for manslaughter

New Orleans, LA—Christopher Calender, 27, was sentenced to 30 years in prison for manslaughter on yesterday announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson. Last week, Calender pleaded guilty to fatally shooting Renard Carter while inside of a stairwell in the Florida housing community in June 2002. The district attorney’s office tried this case in November 2007, but the case resulted in a mistrial after jurors were unable to reach a verdict. Anthony Adams, a co-defendant in the matter, is charged with second-degree murder and is currently awaiting trial. Assistant District Attorneys Francis deBlanc and Margaret Parker of the Violent Offender Unit prosecuted the case.

New Orleans, LA-- Brian M. Seward, 37, was sentenced to five years in prison at hard labor earlier this week announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson.

Last month, a jury found Seward guilty of two counts of unauthorized use of a moveable for defrauding two New Orleans couples of $29,000. Seward executed contracts to repair the couples’ Hurricane Katrina damaged homes in December 2005 (Couple 1) and January 2006 (Couple 2). He received deposits in both cases, but did minimal or no work.

Assistant District Attorneys Josie Wicks and Rebecca Wiggers prosecuted the case. Orleans Parish Criminal District Court Judge Lynda Van Davis presided.

New Orleans, LA—Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces the following grand jury indictments:

Charles Clay, 22, was charged with aggravated rape for an incident that occurred in the 1700 block of Marias Street on May 31, 2007. Bond was set at $500,000.

Willie Rhodes, 55, was charged with two counts of aggravated rape for incidents that occurred on September 1, 2007 and February 5, 2008 in the 1600 block of Pratt Drive. No bond was set in this matter.

New Orleans, LA— The Orleans Parish District Attorney’s Office (OPDAO) has accepted twelve counts of theft over $500 and one count of misappropriation of contractor pay against Terry M. Ferguson, 42, announces District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson.

According to the 12 theft victims, Ferguson executed contracts to repair their Hurricane Katrina damaged homes, but did minimal or no work and abandoned the jobs subsequent to receiving payments. In the misappropriation charge, the victim alleges that Ferguson failed to pay a vendor for building materials, which resulted in a property lien being placed on the victim’s home.

Today, Christopher Calender, 27, pleaded guilty to manslaughter in the 2002 shooting death of Renard Carter, announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson. Calendar faces a maximum of forty years in prison and will be sentenced on Wednesday, April 9, 2008.

On June 5, 2002 at approximately 9:49 p.m., Carter was shot multiple times in the chest and back while in a stairwell located in the 2600 block of Alvar Street inside the Florida housing development. The district attorney’s office tried this matter in November 2007, but the case resulted in a mistrial after jurors were unable to reach a verdict.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces that Cydnie A. Clark, 20, was sentenced to two years in prison after pleading guilty to negligent homicide in the death of her 4-month-old son, Devin Montelius.

On April 30, 2007, Clark called 9-1-1 at approximately 1:39 a.m. to report that Devin had stopped breathing. A responding EMS unit transported the child to the hospital where he was later pronounced dead.

New Orleans, LA—Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced the Orleans Parish grand jury indictment of Terrence Napoleon, 22, on the charge of second degree murder of Gregory Singleton, 42, and the charge of aggravated rape. The crimes occurred on April 6, 2007, at 431 Whitney Ave. at approximately 5:26 a.m. A $2 million bond has been issued on Napoleon, $1million per count.

Today Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces that Brandon Johnson, 23, pleaded guilty through his defense counsel to conspiracy to commit first-degree murder in a plan that lead to the stabbing death of Courtney Spates, a mother of two, on July 21, 2005. Johnson was sentenced to 10 years in prison for his involvement in the killing.

Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces that Brandon Johnson, 23, pleaded guilty.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces the grand jury indictment of Torey McKillion, 30. McKillion was charged with aggravated rape and aggravated burglary; the crimes occurred on July 26, 2007 in the 300 block of Decatur Street at approximately 5:30 p.m.

Bond was set at $1,000,000.

On February 28, 2008, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that Kendrich Thomas received four consecutive life sentences for his convictions of aggravated rape, two counts of aggravated kidnapping of a child, and aggravated kidnapping. For his conviction of attempted forcible rape, Thomas received the maximum sentence of 20 years. Thomas also received the maximum sentence of seven years for his conviction of indecent behavior with a juvenile. The case was prosecuted by Assistant District Attorneys Matthew Whitworth and Margaret Parker in a five-day jury trial. Thomas was sentenced today by Criminal District Court Judge Frank Marullo.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces the grand jury indictment of Torey McKillion.

Kendrich Thomas received four consecutive life sentences for his convictions of aggravated rape, two counts of aggravated kidnapping of a child, and aggravated kidnapping.

Louisiana Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal in the case of State vs. Rance Dunbar.

On February 26, 2008, the Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that the Louisiana Supreme Court reversed the decision of the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal in the case of State vs. Rance Dunbar. Dunbar was convicted of unauthorized use of a stolen motor vehicle on July 19, 2005. The vehicle was stolen outside of the VA Medical Center. He was found to be a third time felony offender and sentenced to 12 years at hard labor by Criminal District Court Judge Dennis Waldron.

Today, Ronald J. Martin (a.k.a. Ryan J. Martin), 31, pled guilty to second-degree battery and two counts of second-degree robbery announces Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces that Nathan Foreman was convicted of second-degree murder of Myra Mehrtens.

Mehrtens was 70-years-old when she was shot in front of her Lake Vista home on the night of March 6, 2005 after being followed home by Foreman and Jonathan Bailey. The two men had plotted to commit an armed robbery that night, and Foreman was the driver of the car that followed Mehrtens to her home.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces that Nathan Foreman was convicted of second-degree murder of Myra Mehrtens.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces the following grand jury indictments:

District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that Randolph Robinson received the mandatory sentence of life in prison for second degree murder.

An Orleans Parish Grand Jury indicted three individuals today:

Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announced that the Louisiana Fourth Circuit Court of Appeal has reversed Criminal District Court Judge Lynda Van Davis’ ruling.

Kendrich Thomas was convicted of aggravated rape, two counts of aggravated kidnapping of a child, aggravated kidnapping, attempted forcible rape, and indecent behavior with a juvenile.

Tragic Loss

Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces the conviction of Kevin “Bag Man” Davis.

Today, Orleans Parish District Attorney Keva Landrum-Johnson announces that defendant Norman Pete, 42, pleaded guilty to two counts of forcible rape and one count of kidnapping.

Unit closed 2007 with a 100 % conviction rate for homicide cases.